ZHANZHENG——YOURUYONGBUJUEYUERDECHIXUYINBANSUIZHERENLEIDEBUFA,ERZHANZHENGZHONGDEBUTONGMINZUDEKANGZHENGRUTONGJIANLIZAICHIXUYINZHISHANG,XINGCHENGFENGGEJIONGYIDEHEXIAN。ZAIYANHUALIAOLUANDEZHANZHENGHEXIANZHONG,ELUOSIZHISHENGZONGSHIYUYINRAOLIANG,LIJIUMIXIN。GUIJIEYUANYIN,KENENGSHIJINLIANGBAINIANLAI,ELUOSIDUOCIJUANRUOUZHOUDEDAGUIMOZHANZHENGZHIZHONG,DANZONGNENGYISHENGLIZHEDEZITAIXIAODAOZUIHOU。ELUOSIRENZAIZHANZHENGFANGMIANDEJIAOAOBIRANBOJIDAOYINLEZUOPINZHIZHONG。CONGCHAIKEFUSIJIDE《1812XUQU》DAOXIAOSITAKEWEIQIDE《DIQIJIAOXIANGQU》,YINXIANGJIAOZHIDEWEIDAZUOPINDUOCIXUANYANGLEYIGEBUKEZHANSHENGDEELUOSI。
ZONGGUANDALIANGZHANZHENGTICAIDEELUOSIYINLEZUOPIN,PULUOKEFEIYEFUDEGEJU《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》WUYISHIDANGQIHUICHANGDEDIANFAN。ZHEIBUGEJUDETICAILAIZIELUOSIWEIDADEXIAOSHUOJIALIEFU•NIGULAYEWEIQI•TUOERSITAIDETONGMINGWENXUEJUZHU。XIAOSHUOYI1812NIANDEEFAZHANZHENGWEIBEIJING,YISIGEJIAZUDEXINGSHUAIWEIXIANSUO,ZAISONGYANGBUQUBUNAODEELUOSIRENMINDETONGSHI,CHANFALEDUIYURENLEIZHANZHENGYUHEPINGSHENKEFANSI。ZHEIYIQIENEIRONGDOUSHENSHENCHUDONGLESHENCHUERZHANYINYUNZHIXIADEZUOQUJIAPULUOKEFEIYEFU。1941NIAN,XITELEDENACUIDEJUNGONGDASULIAN,ZUOWEIREAIZUGUOQIEHUIGUODINGJUBUJIUDEZUOQUJIAERYAN,PULUOKEFEIYEFUNULITONGGUOZIJIDECHUANGZUOJIFAELUOSIMINZUDEDOUZHI,JIXUYANXUELUOSIBUKEZHANSHENGDECHUANQI。PULUOKEFEIYEFUHOULAIHUIYIDAO:“ZAITONGDEGUOFAXISIZUOZHANDERIZILI,LIEFU•TUOERSITAIJIANGSHU1812NIANWEIGUOZHANZHENGDEXIAOSHUO《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》DEPIANZHANGDUIWOMENTEBIEQINJINHEZHENGUI,YINCIWOXIANGYONGZHEIGETICAIXIEYIBUGEJU,SUIRANWOYISHIDAORENWUDEYIQIEKUNNAN。XIEZUOGEJU《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》CHENGWEIWOZAIZHANZHENGZUICHUNIANDAIDEZHUYAOZUOPIN。”(PULUOKEFEIYEFU:《YISHUJIAYUZHANZHENG》)
ZUOQUJIAYINGGAIXINZHIDUMING,JINGDIANWENXUEZUOPINSHIYOUXIUGEJUDEJIBENBAOZHANG。SHAWENGDEDALIANGZUOPINBEIBANSHANGGEJUWUTAIJIUQINGXIDEFANYINGCHUZHEIYIDIAN。YOUXIUWENXUEZUOPINZHONGQIANGSHIDEXIJUCHONGJILI,YULUBANJINGDIANDEJUCI,FARENSHENSHENGDEZHEXUEMEILI,NENGGOUJIFAZUOQUJIACHUANGZUODELINGGAN,DANSHIJIANGTUOERSITAIDE《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》BANSHANGGEJUWUTAIJUEFEIYISHI。TUOERSITAIZHEIBUKUANGSHIJUZUO,CHAOGUOBAIWANZIDEPIANFU,XIANHOUDENGCHANG580DUOGEJIAOSE,BAOKUONAPOLUN、MIHAYIER•KUTUZUOFUDENGZHENSHILISHIRENWU。JUZHONGCUOZONGFUZADEXIJUMAILUO,ZAROUZHEKUANGREYUMISHI,FANSHENGZHERENLEIDEAIQINGYUSIWANG。ZHEIYIQIEWUYIDUIMEIYIWEIJIEJINTADERENCHANSHENGJUDADEXINLIYAPOGAN。PULUOKEFEIYEFUJIUSHENGANGAIBIANZHEIBUZUOPINDEJIANXIN,CONG1941NIANKAISHICHUANGZUOKAISHI,DAO1953NIANSHISHIZHIQIANDEXIUDINGGAO。ZHEIBUHONGPIANJUZHIHAOFEILEZUOQUJIASHIERNIANDESHIJIAN。WOMENBUJINYAOGANKAI:GEJUYISHUDANSHENGJIBAINIANLAI,FENGGEZHONGLEIWUHUABAMEN,YISHUSHUIPINGYECANCHABUQI。HENDUOGEJUZAIWUTAIZHISHANG,ZHIBUGUOSHISHIJINGLINONGZHONGDEYULEXIAOQIAN。DANWUFAFOURENYIGESHISHI,GEJUZHONGMOUXIEZUOPINSHISHIJIEDE“FUYIN”,SHIRENLEIDE“NUOYAFANGZHOU”,SHIZUOQUJIAZHANZAIRENLEIZHENGTIMINGYUNDEGAODUZHISHANGCHUANGZUODE。《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》YINGSHUYUZHEIYILEIZUOPIN,ZUOWEIPULUOKEFEIYEFUGEJUCHUANGZUODEJUEBI,WOMENYINGGAIYICHAOJINDEQIANCHENGQUMIANDUITA。
GEJU《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》WENRUQITI,YI“ZHANZHENG”YU“HEPING”LIANGDAHEXINZHUTIWEIGANG,QUANJUGONGSHISANCHANG。SUIRANCHUANGZUOZHESHANJIANLEHENDUORENWU,DANGEJUYANCHUYIRANXUYAO4GEXIAOSHI。PANGDADEPIANFUHAINABAICHUAN,GEJUZHONGJIBAOHANLEJIAOSEZHIJIANDEAIHENQINGCHOU,ZHONGYAORENWUDENEIXINDUBAIDENG“SHINEIHUACHANGJING”;YOUZAIWUTAISHANGCHONGFENZHANXIANLE1812NIANDEEFAZHANZHENGDE“JIAOXIANGFENGBAO”。ZHEIBUGEJUFANYINGCHUELUOSIBAINIANGEJUFAZHANLICHENGDEZUIGAOCHENGJIU,JUZHONG“HEPINGPIAN”ZHONGAIQINGCHANGJINGJICHENGLECHAIKEFUSIJI《YEFUGENNI•AONIEJIN》ZHONGDEQINGGANJIUJIEDEGUIZUAISHANG;“ZHANZHENGPIAN”DELISHIHUAMIANRANGRENXIANGQIMUSUOERSIJI《BAOLISI•GEDOUNUOFU》ZHONGQUNTICHANGJINGDEZHANZHENGBEIZHUANG。KEYISHUO,《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》JIANGELUOSILIANGDAGEJUCHUANTONGRONGWEIYITI,DAZAOLEJINGDIAN。MIANDUIZHEIBUGEJUDEYINLE,WOMENGUANZHUJIGEZHONGYAODETEDIAN:GECHANGZHONGDEEYU,HONGWEIDEHECHANGYUDUOZHONGGONGNENGDEGUANXIANLE。
QIYI,GEJUDECHENGBAI,HENDAFANGMIANZAIYUYINLEYUYUYANDEJIEHEWENTI。RUGUOGEJUZHONGRENWUDECHANGCIBIEJIAO、QIGUAI,ZHEIBUGEJUKENDINGWUFACHENGGONG。YINCI,CHULIGEJUZHONGYINLEYUYUYANDEGUANXI,SHIZHANXIANZUOQUJIAGEJUCHUANGZUOBINGFUDESHIJINSHI。ZONGGUANELUOSIDEMINZUGEJUFAZHANLICHENG,1836NIAN《YIFAN•SUSANING》ZAIGELINKADEBIXIADANSHENG,BINGQIESHOUYANYUSHENGBIDEBAO,ZHEIBIAOZHIZHEELUOSIGEJUSHIDAIDEKAIQI。SUIRANELUOSIGEJUQIBUSHAOWAN,DANFAZHANCHENGQUELINGRENCHENGZAN。ZAI1874NIANSHOUYANDEMUSUOERSIJIDEGEJU《BAOLISI•GEDOUNUOFU》ZHONG,ZUOQUJIACHEDIDEJIEJUELEELUOSIYUYANYUXIFANGYINLEYUHUIJIEHEDEWENTI,XINGCHENGLEJUYOUMINZUBIAOSHIDEELUOSIYONGXUDIAO,ZHEIYEWEIELUOSIGEJUZOUXIANGCHENGSHUDIANDINGLEJICHU。DANSHENGYU20SHIJIZHONGYEDE《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》,ZAIYINLEFANGMIANLIYINGJIXUCHUYUELUOSICHUANTONGDEHELIUZHIZHONG。DANSHI,PULUOKEFEIYEFUZAICHUANGZUODEQIJIAN,SHOUDAOLESULIANDANGJUHENDUOCHUANGZUOFANGZHENDEYINGXIANG,RUSULIANWENHUABUMENYAOQIUZHEIGEGEJUZHANXIANCHUDONGTINGMEIHAODEGEYAOFENGGE,ZHEIYIDIANYUZUOQUJIASHEXIANGDEYONGXUDIAOGUANCHUANQUANJUDEFENGGEBINGBUWENHE。SUIRANZUOQUJIABUDEBUZUOCHUYIXIERANGBU,DANSHIWOMENYIRANNENGGOUTINGDAOGEJUZHONGDALIANGELUOSIYONGXUDIAODEYINCHANGJIBENGUANCHUANGEJUDESHIZHONG。BAOKUOGEJUZHONGYIXILIEZHONGYAODEYONGTANDIAO,YESHOUDAOLELANGSONGXINGFENGGEDEYINGXIANG。JUZHONGNATASHADEYONGTANDIAO《YEXUTAXIANZAIJIUHUIDAOLAI》(DISANCHANG)、《ZHEIGERENZENMETURANLAIDAOWOSHENBIAN》(DISICHANG),NANZHONGYINSHIYANDEANDELIEDE《KEWOYAODUINISHUO》(DIBACHANG)DENGZHONGYAODEYONGTANDIAOJIANJULELANGSONGYUSHUQINGSHUANGZHONGFENGGE。YOUCIKEJIAN,ZUOQUJIAYANXULEELUOSIGEJUYUYANDECHUANTONG,SHULIANDIZAIMIANYANBUJUEDEYONGXUDIAOZHONG,TUIJINXIJUJUQINGDEYANZHAN,HENHAODIXIEDIAOLEGEJUZHONGXIJUYUYINLEGUANXI。
QIER,GEJUZHONGDEHECHANGSHIZHANXIANDAXINGCHANGJINGZUIHAODEFANGSHI。YIBUMIAOXIEZHANZHENGDEGEJU,QISHIHUIHONGDEHECHANGBIRANSHIBUKEHUOQUEDEZHONGYAOTESE。PULUOKEFEIYEFUYUNYONGHECHANGJIANGZIWODEGEXINGYUQUANTIDERENMINXINGWANMEIDEJIEHEQILAI。GEJUKAIPIANJIUYIYIGETESHUDE“MINGWEN”SHIREN,BAIRENSHANGXIAELUOSIMINZHONGZAIZHANHUOFENFEIDECHANGJINGXIASIHOUZHE:“SHIERGEOUZHOUGUOJIADEJUNDUIRUQINELUOSI,ZHEIYINFALEELUOSILINGHUNDEFENNUDEHUOHUA!RANSHAOQISHENSHENGNUHUO!EGUORENQILAI!HANWEITAMENDEGUOJIA。”RUCIDONGRENXINPODEHECHANG,PULUOKEFEIYEFUBENRENDOUGANTANQIQIANGLIEDE“XIJUXINGBINGQIECHONGMANHUOLI”。RUCIKAIPIANYINGZAOLEXIJUDEDABEIJING,GENGZHANXIANLEZHENGBUGEJUDEFEIFANDEDANGLIANG,RANGTINGZHESURANQIJING。ZAIHECHANGDEKAIPIANZHIHOU,GEJUZHONGCHUXIANLEDALIANGDEHECHANGDUANLUO,YOUQISHIZAI“ZHANZHENGPIAN”ZHONG,《RENMINXINGDONGQILAILE》(DIBACHANG)、《DIXIONGMEN,RANGWOMENJUEYISIZHAN》(DIJIUCHANG)、《ZAIQIHEIDEYEWAN》(DISHIYICHANG)、《WOMENWEIZUGUOJUEYISIZHAN》(ZHONGCHANGHECHANG)DENGDUANLUOWANZHENGZHANXIANLEYICHANGZHANZHENGDESHIMO。REXUEFEITENG,QUNQINGJIANGFANYINGZAIYIJUJUGECIZHIZHONG——“CHEDIDERANSHAOBA”、“MOSIKEYONGBUQUFU”。GUANZHONGBULUNSHIFOUCHUYUZHANZHENGSHIQI,DOUHUIBEIZHEICANLIEDEBEIZHUANGSUOZHENHAN。ZHEIYIQIEDOURANGWOMENQINGXIDIGANSHOUDAOPULUOKEFEIYEFUYUYIYALISHANDALUOFUWEIDAIBIAODESULIANWEIGUOHECHANGCHUANTONGDEHEMING。
QISAN,GEJUZHIZHONGGUANXIANLEFAHUILEDUOZHONGGONGNENG,BUJINYANXULEPULUOKEFEIYEFUJIAOXIANGYINLEDEDUTEGEXING,GENGFAHUILEHONGTUOHUIHONGSHISHIDEYUDIAODEGONGNENG,ZHANXIANCHUELUOSIJIAOXIANGYINLECHUANTONGFAZHANDEDIANFENGYANGTAI。PULUOKEFEIYEFUZIYOUJIUZHANXIANCHUYINLESHENTONGDEZIZHI,JINRUQINGNIANSHIQIYIJINGXIANGYOUGUOJISHENGYU。ZHEIWEIZUOQUJIAYISHENGDEYINLECHUANGZUOYOULIANGGEGUANJIANCI:ELUOSI、GUOJIHUA。GUOJIHUATIXIANZAIZUOQUJIADEXIANFENGZHUIQIU,TIXIANZAIYINLEZHONGDUIYUGEXINGHUAFENGGEDETANSUO。JIYANGMENGLIEDEJIEZOUYUROUQINGDEQIANGLIEDUIBI,JIANMINGDEHESHENGXIAOGUO,DUODIAOXINGDEDALIANGYUNYONGDOUSHIZUOQUJIABIAOXINLIYIDEZIWOBIAOSHI。ZAIYUHUIGUOZHIHOU,PULUOKEFEIYEFUZEZAIZIJIFENGGEZHISHANGZHANXIANCHUHUIGUICHUANTONGDEZITAI。LINGTINGZUOQUJIAGUIGUOZUOPIN,GENGDUOXIANSHIYUZI19SHIJIKAISHIDEELUOSIJIAOXIANGYINLECHUANTONGDELIANXI,YINLEZHONGYEZHANXIANCHUGELINKA、LIMUSIJI-KESAKEFUDENGZUOQUJIADEELUOSICHUANCHENG。GEJU《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》ZHONGZHENGTIYINLECHUANGZUOJIUSHIBINGHANLEZUOQUJIAXIANFENGYUCHUANTONGDELIANGDATEDIAN,HENDUOGUANXIANLEDUANLUODOUZHANXIANCHUDUOFENGGEHUNDADEXIAOGUO。ZAIGEJUXUQUDEDUANLUO,SHUQINGMIANZHANGDEELUOSICHUANTONGYUQISHIHONGWEIDETONGGUANDESHISHIFENGGEXIANGHUJIAOZHI,HENHAODIJIESHICHUZHANZHENGYUHEPINGDEHEXINZHUTI。GUANXIANLEGUANCHUANQUANJU,PEIHELEQUANJURENWUDEYONGXUHUADEGECHANG,WOMENNENGGOUZAIQIXIYOUZHANGDEELUOSIXUANLVDUANLUOZHONG,QINGXIDIGANSHOUDAOPUSHIJIANYUEHESHENGYIJIFENGFUDEDIAOXINGDUIBI。ZAIGEJUZHONGWEISHUBUDUODEWUDAOCHANGJINGZHONG,RUNATASHAJIAZUDEWUHUI,KUAISUPAODONGDEZHUTIXUANLVYUXIANMINGDEJIEZOULVDONG,RANGRENXIANGQIWUJU《LUOMIOUYUZHULIYE》ZHONGDEXIANMINGRENWUXINGXIANG。ZAIPEIHEDAXINGHECHANGDEDUANLUO,GUANXIANLEGENGSHIBUKEHUOQUEDEJIAOSE,SULIANWEIGUOZHANZHENGDEHECHANGFENGGEZAIPULUOKEFEIYEFUHUIHUANGDONGLIXINGDEJIAOXIANGLEBANZOUXIA,JIANGBAOFENGZHOUYUDESHIDAIQINGXIDEZHANXIANZAICHULAI。KEYISHUO,《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》ZHONGDEGUANXIANLECHUANGZUOBIAOZHIZHEZHUIQIUXIANFENGDEPULUOKEFEIYEFUZAIHUIGUIELUOSISHENHOUCHUANTONGDETONGSHI,ZHANXIANCHUXIANSHIZHUYIYUMINZUSHISHIDEFENGGE。
ZONGZHI,《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》YI19SHIJIDEZHANZHENGWEITI,JILI20SHIJICHUYUZHANZHENGZHONGDEELUOSIREN。ZHEIBUGEJUSHIPULUOKEFEIYEFUCHUANGZUOZHONG“ZHANZHENGXILIE”DEKAIDUAN,ZAI20SHIJI40NIANDAI,ZUOQUJIALUXUCHUANGZUOLEDUOSHOUBIAOXIANZHANZHENGHEMINZUSHISHIDEZHUANGLIZUOPIN,RUJIAOXIANGZUQU《1941》、DAHECHANG《YIGEBURENSHIDENANHAIDEXUSHIGE》、QINGCHANGJU《HEPINGSHOUWEIZHE》、《DIWUJIAOXIANGQU》YIJIDIWUDAODIBAHAO《GANGQINZOUMINGQU》。PULUOKEFEIYEFUHENDUOYOUXIUDEZUOPINDOUSHIYUELUOSINAIZHI20SHIJIDEBEICANMINGYUNLIANXIZAIYIQI。DALIANGWEIDADEZHANZHENGZUOPIN,SIHUSHIYISHUSHIJIEDESHENGLI。DANFANFENGDESHI,ZHONGDUOZUOPINJIAOZHIZAIYIQI,BIAOXIANDEQUESHIMINGYUNDUOCHUANDE20SHIJI。DANGZHANZHENGZUOPINSUODAILAIDESHENGLIXIYUEFANLANZHISHI,WOMENGANSHOUGENGDUODEZESHIRENLEITONGKUDEAISHANG。WEIDADEYISHUZUOPINZONGSHILIANXIZHERENLEIBEICANDEMINGYUN,SHENKEDEZUOPINGENGSHIBUKANHUISHOUDEJIYIPIANDUAN。YINCI,WOMENCONG《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》ZHONGTIWUDAOBUZHISHIMOUCIZHANZHENGDELISHI,ERSHIDUIZHENGGERENLEISHEHUIDESHENKECHENSI。
(KANGXIAO ZHONGGUOYINLEXUEYUANJIAOSHI)
JINGPINSHIPINKECHENGTUIJIAN
QIBUE,SHILISUZUDANBOXIANMINGLEQI。LISUYU“QI”SHIXIANZI,“BUE”WEILIGUO,YIJIYUANTONGXINGDEXIANZI。YOU...